简介：水稻稻褐飞虱，学名，Nilaparvata lugens (Stdl)，同翅目，飞虱科。我国各稻区均有发生。食性单一，只能在水稻和普通野生稻上取食和繁殖后代。
为害特点：成、若虫群集于稻丛下部刺吸汁液；雌虫产卵时，用产卵器刺破叶鞘和叶片，易使稻株失水或感染菌核病。排泄物常遭致霉菌滋生，影响水稻光合作用和呼吸作用，严重的稻株干枯。俗称“冒穿”、“透顶”或“塌圈”。严重时颗粒无收。
形态特征：成虫有长翅型和短翅型两种，短翅型成虫属居留型，长翅型为迁移型。暗褐色或淡褐色，前胸背板和小盾片上都有明显的3条纵隆起线。长翅型翅长超过腹部，雌成虫体长4~5毫米，体大色浅；雄成虫体长3.6~4毫米，体小色深。短翅型翅短于腹部，短翅雌虫体肥大，长3.5~4毫米；雄虫体瘦小，长2~2.5毫米，腹末呈喇叭状。卵香蕉形，长约0.8毫米，常数粒到一、二十粒排列成串。若虫与成虫相似，共5龄，初孵时淡黄白色，后变褐色，5龄若虫体长约3.2毫米，前翅芽超过后翅芽尖端。卵呈香蕉状，产于叶鞘或叶片中肋组织中。
生活习性：我国广大稻区主要虫源随每年害、夏暖湿气流由南向北迁入和推进，每年约有5次大的迁飞行动，秋季则队北向南回迁。羽化后不久飞翔力强，能随高空水平气流迁移，飞行高度1500-2000m，空气湿度高利其迁飞。成虫对嫩绿水稻趋性明显，成、若虫喜阴湿环境，喜欢栖息在距水面10cm以内的稻株上。水稻生长后期，大量产生长翅型成虫并迁出，1-3龄是翅型分化的关键时期。田间阴湿，生产上偏施、过施氮肥，稻苗浓绿，密度大及长期灌深水，利其繁殖，受害重。天敌有稻虱缨小蜂、褐腰赤眼蜂、稻虱红螯蜂、稻虱索线虫、黑肩绿盲蝽等。
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香蕉状卵块 |
褐飞虱若虫 左：在稻株上取食
右：落于水面后两后足呈“一”字形 |
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褐飞虱聚集稻丛基部为害（左）引起稻丛基部变黑（右） |
严重为害造成稻田的“塌圈”现象 |
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| 褐飞虱短翅成虫(下)和长翅成虫(上) |
Brown Planthopper (BPH)
（Nilaparvata lugens St?l)
Description
Brown Planthopper is common name for a major rice pest Nilaparvata lugens of the family Delphacidae, order Homoptera. The adult insect is either light or dark brown in colour, about 3 mm in length, with piercing/sucking type of mouthparts. Both wings are transparent with conspicuous veins.
Damage
BPH is one of the most serious insect pests of rice and can cause significant yield losses. The adults and nymphs suck plant juices from the base of the rice plants. In addition to direct damage, BPH also acts as a vector for RGSV and RRSV. Heavy infestations cause complete drying and plant death, a condition known as hopper burn.
Ecology
A female BPH can lay more than 700 eggs in its life time. Eggs hatch in about 7 days. Nymphs pass through 5 immature stages within a period of 14 days. The fifth instar grows to a length of about 4 mm. Adults can be either short-winged or brachypterous, or long-winged or macropterous. The population of BPH in the rice field is determined by a large number of natural enemies, primarily general predators such as the wolf spider, Lycosa spp..
The world distribution of BP
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